商业研究

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增值税减免、企业税负与创新投入 ——基于2013-2015年调查数据的分析

张凯1,林小玲1,傅卓荣2   

  1. (1.深圳大学 经济学院,广东 深圳 518060;2.深圳市地方税务局,广东 深圳 518000)
  • 收稿日期:2017-06-06 出版日期:2017-11-16
  • 作者简介:张凯(1979-),男,山东滨州人,深圳大学经济学院教授,博士生导师,金融学博士,研究方向:创新经济学、金融学;林小玲(1980-),女,广东陆丰人,深圳大学经济学院博士研究生,研究方向:创新经济学、金融学;傅卓荣(1978-),男,深圳市地方税务局会计师、经济师,研究方向:宏观经济分析、财税形势分析及数据挖掘应用。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国经济特区创新驱动发展的金融支持研究”,项目编号:14JJD790041。

Value Added Tax Relief, Enterprise Tax Burden and Innovation Input: An Analysis based on 2013-2015 Survey Data

ZHANG Kai1,LIN Xiao-ling1,FU Zhuo-rong2   

  1. (1. School of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060,China; 2. Shenzhen Local Taxation Bureau, Shenzhen 518000,China)
  • Received:2017-06-06 Online:2017-11-16

摘要: 本文利用2013-2015年制造业和信息服务业全国税收调查数据,通过固定效应模型考察增值税优惠对企业税负、销售收入及创新投入的影响。研究发现:增值税优惠导致一般纳税人企业所得税负和实际总税负显著上升,但却会显著降低小规模纳税人实际总税负;增值税优惠显著降低一般纳税人销售收入,但却显著提高小规模纳税人销售收入;增值税优惠显著提高东部企业创新投入,企业所得税负抑制了东部企业创新投入;东部企业税负比中西部企业税负高,但是比中西部企业吸引了更多企业创新投资。因此,应扩大增值税优惠的覆盖面,扩大增值税优惠的对象和抵扣项目范围,兼顾效率与公平原则,降低东部企业增值税负,让中西部地方政府享有更多增值税分成比例,提高创新投入,缩小地区差异。

关键词: 增值税优惠, 企业税负, 销售收入, 创新投入

Abstract: This paper uses the national tax survey data of manufacturing and information services in 2013-2015 to investigate the impact of VAT on enterprise tax burden, sales revenue and innovation input with fixed effect model. The results show that VAT incentives lead to a significant increase in the income tax burden and the actual total tax burden of the general taxpayer, but it will significantly reduce the total actual tax burden for small-scale taxpayers;preferential VAT general taxpayer sales revenue decreased significantly, but increased sales income of small scale taxpayers;the preferential tax increase innovation investment enterprises in the East, but enterprise income tax inhibits innovation investment enterprises in the East; the tax burden of the eastern enterprises is higher than that of the central and western enterprises, but it attracts more innovative investment than the Midwest enterprises. Therefore, we should expand the coverage of VAT, enlarge the object of value added tax preference, deduct the scope of the project, and considerate efficiency and fairness, to reduce enterprises value added tax burden in the East, and let the western local governments have more value added tax into proportion, so as to increase innovation investment and narrow regional differences.

Key words: value added tax preference;enterprise tax burden, sales income, innovation inputs