商业研究

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企业技术创新的就业效应:创造还是替代? ——来自中国上市公司经验证据的分析

白俊1,2,宫晓云1,王婉婉1   

  1. (石河子大学 1.经济与管理学院;2.公司治理与管理创新研究中心,新疆 石河子 832000)
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-02 出版日期:2018-09-10
  • 作者简介:白俊(1971-),女,新疆石河子人,石河子大学经济与管理学院/公司治理与管理创新研究中心教授,博士生导师,研究方向:公司金融;宫晓云(1992-),本文通讯作者,女,山东菏泽人,石河子大学经济与管理学院研究生,研究方向:公司财务;王婉婉(1993-),女,安徽淮北人,石河子大学经济与管理学院研究生,研究方向:公司财务。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目,项目编号:71762026;新疆自治区研究生教育创新计划科研创新项目,项目编号:XJGRI2017058。

The Employment Effect of Enterprise Technology Innovation: Creation or Substitution? Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

BAI Jun1,2,GONG Xiao-yun1,WANG Wan-wan1   

  1. (1. School of Economics and Management, Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China; 2. Corporate Governance and Management Innovation Research Center, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000,China)
  • Received:2018-04-02 Online:2018-09-10

摘要: 我国经济已经步入新常态,如何协调好技术创新与就业的关系,以适应经济结构的调整是我国不得不面临的现实问题。本文采用2003-2014年中国上市公司为研究样本分析企业技术创新与就业增长的关系,发现企业技术创新对就业增长总体上具有替代效应,企业技术创新水平的提高会降低对劳动力的需求,发明专利等颠覆性创新呈现出比实用新型、外观设计创新更大的替代效应;对于经济上行时期、劳动密集型行业以及教育水平较低的员工而言,技术创新的替代效应更强。因此,应着重关注劳动密集型行业在创新驱动型发展模式下的转型问题,在鼓励技术创新的同时应尽可能减少技术创新对就业带来的负面作用,而适应新技术下的企业用工需求、提升员工的受教育水平是避免技术创新阻碍就业增长的有效手段。

关键词: 技术创新, 就业增长, 经济周期, 行业特征, 教育水平

Abstract: With the Chinese economy entering the new normal, how to coordinate the relationship between technological innovation and employment to adapt to the adjustment of economic structure is a realistic problem that China has to face. This paper uses the sample data of listed companies from 2003 to 2014 to analyze the relationship between technological innovation and employment growth of enterprises, finding that the technological innovation of enterprises has a substitution effect on employment growth in general, and the improvement of technological innovation level of enterprises will reduce the demand for labor, and subversive innovations such as invention patents show greater substitution effects than utility models and design innovations;for employees in the economic upswing, labor-intensive industries, and lower education levels, the substitution effect of technological innovation is stronger. Therefore, we should focus on the transformation of labor-intensive industries under the innovation-driven development model. While encouraging technological innovation, we should minimize the negative effects of technological innovation on employment. Adapting to the employment needs of enterprises and improving the education level of employees are effective means to avoid technological innovation hindering employment growth.

Key words: technological innovation, employment growth, economic cycle, industry characteristics, education level