商业研究

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市场多元化对企业出口波动的影响 ——基于风险分散效应和出口规模调节效应的检验

李亚波1,2   

  1. (1.云南财经大学 经济学院,昆明 650221;2.复旦大学 管理学院,上海 200433)
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-13 出版日期:2018-11-10
  • 作者简介:李亚波(1982-),女,昆明人,云南财经大学经济学院副教授,复旦大学管理学院博士后,经济学博士,研究方向:国际经济学。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目,项目编号:18YJC790091;中国博士后基金面上项目,项目编号:2017M621326。

The Impact of Market Diversification on Export Volatility of Firm:A Test based on Risk Dispersion Effect and the Moderating Effect of Export Scale

LI Ya-bo1,2   

  1. (1.School of Economics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China; 2.School of Management, Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)
  • Received:2018-05-13 Online:2018-11-10

摘要: 贸易的稳定性是实现出口结构升级的基础,而目标市场多元化是减少出口风险、提高贸易稳定性的有效手段。基于异质性分析框架,本文使用中国海关2000-2006年企业-产品-目标市场层面的出口数据,检验市场多元化对企业出口波动的影响,并从风险分散和出口尝试角度分析市场多元化对企业出口波动的影响。研究发现:通过风险分散效应,市场多元化可以显著地降低企业出口波动,在剔除了加工贸易与贸易中介样本、替换市场多元化衡量指标后,这一结果依然稳健;由于出口尝试效应,企业出口规模加强了市场多元化对出口波动的影响,而小规模出口企业市场多元化程度越高,出口波动越大;根据企业出口规模与企业所有权性质分组的回归结果,大规模国有企业市场多元化对出口波动的缓解效果最明显。中国与西方国家贸易总量的比重较大,为了分散贸易风险,降低出口市场集中度,除了维持和巩固与现有发达国家的出口贸易联系之外,我国还应有选择地培育和发展新的贸易合作伙伴。

关键词: 市场多元化, 出口波动, 风险分散, 出口尝试, 出口规模

Abstract: The stability of trade is the basis for the upgrading of export structure, and diversification of target market is an effective way to reduce export risks and improve trade stability.With the framework of heterogeneity, the paper tests the influence of market diversification on export volatility of firm, and analyzes the influence mechanism through risk diversification and experimental exports based on China′s enterprise- product- target market customs data in 2000-2006. The study found that: market diversification can significantly reduce the export volatility of firms through risk diversification,and this result remains robust after we excluded the sample of processing trade and trade intermediaries, and replaced the measurement of market diversification; as the existence of experimental exports, export volume can enhance the the impact of market diversification on export volatility,but as for small exporters, the higher the degree of market diversification, the greater the export fluctuations; according to the export volume and ownership type of firms, it is found that market diversification has the most obvious effect on export volatility for large-scale state-owned firms. The trade between China and western countries accounts for a large share of the global trade. In order to lower trade risks and reduce the concentration of export markets, China should selectively cultivate and develop new trading partners in addition to maintaining and consolidating export trade links with developed countries.

Key words: market diversification, export volatility, risk diversification, experimental exports, export volume