商业研究

商业研究

• 产业经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

外部性与产业结构优化 ——基于中国装备制造业省级面板数据的分析

黄继忠，冀刚   

  1. （辽宁大学 经济学院，沈阳 110036）
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-30 出版日期:2018-02-22
  • 作者简介:黄继忠（1954-），男，辽宁盘锦人，辽宁大学经济学院教授，博士生导师，管理学博士，研究方向：产业结构与产业政策；冀刚（1987-），男，山东新泰人，辽宁大学经济学院博士研究生，研究方向：产业结构。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目，项目编号：06JJD630005，01JAZJD790009。

Externalities and Optimization of Industrial Structure: An Empirical Analysis based on Panel Data of Provincial Equipment Manufacturing Industry in China

HUANG Ji-zhong, JI Gang   

  1. (School of Economics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China)
  • Received:2017-11-30 Online:2018-02-22

摘要： 外部性与产业结构优化关乎供给侧结构性改革和现代化经济体系建设，本文采用中国30个省级地区2000-2015年装备制造业数据，运用GMM估计方法探讨外部性对中国装备制造业结构优化的影响。结果表明：外部性对中国装备制造业结构优化的正向效应主要体现在产业结构合理化方面，对产业结构高度化的影响存在显著异质性，即MAR外部性、Jacobs外部性和Porter外部性短期内对中国装备制造业结构合理化水平的提升具有正向效应，但仅仅MAR外部性的正向效应长期内得到延续；MAR外部性和Porter外部性短期内对装备制造业结构高度化具有显著抑制作用，而Jacobs外部性具有显著促进作用；从长期来看，Jacobs外部性对产业结构高度化的促进作用不断减弱，并逐步转变为显著的抑制作用，Porter外部性对产业结构高度化的抑制作用也会下降，并逐步向着正向效应转变。因此，不仅要关注装备制造业发展的历史条件、地理区位、要素投入和政策利好等因素，更应关注外部性因素对装备制造业结构优化产生的贡献；应大力推进供给侧结构性改革，推动装备制造业合理化与高度化水平的持续提升；应重点关注知识和技术的创新与积累，促进关联性和互补性产业部门之间的交流与合作，克服MAR外部性和Jacobs外部性短期内对装备制造业结构高度化产生的负面效应。

关键词: 装备制造业, 供给侧改革, 外部性, 产业结构优化

Abstract: Externality and the optimization of industrial structure are related to the structural reform of the supply side and the construction of modern economic system.Based on the data of equipment manufacturing industry in 30 provincial-level regions in China in the 2000-2015, this paper explores the impact of externalities on the structural optimization of China′s equipment manufacturing industry by using GMM estimation method. The results show that the positive effect of externality on the structure optimization of China′s equipment manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the rationalization of industrial structure, and there is a significant heterogeneity in the impact of industrial structure upgrading, that is, MAR externalities, Jacobs externalities and Porter externalities have a positive effect on the upgrading of the rationalization level of China′s equipment manufacturing industry in the short run, but only the positive effects of MAR externalities have been extended for a long time; MAR externalities and Porter externalities have a significant inhibitory effect on the structural height of the equipment manufacturing industry in the short term, while the externality of Jacobs has a significant promotion effect; in the long run, the promotion effect of Jacobs externalities on the industrial structure upgrading is decreasing, and has gradually changed to a significant inhibitory effect, while the inhibition effect of Porter externality on the industrial structure will also decline, and will gradually change to a positive effect. Therefore, we should not only focus on the historical conditions, geographical location, factor inputs and policy benefits of the equipment manufacturing industry, but also pay attention to the contribution of external factors to the structural optimization of equipment manufacturing industry; we should vigorously promote the supply side structural reforms to promote sustained industry rationalization and level of manufacturing equipment, focus on innovation and accumulation of knowledge and technology, and promote exchanges and cooperation between the association and complementary industries, to overcome the negative effects of MAR external and external Jacobs on structural height of equipment manufacturing industry in the short term.

Key words: equipment manufacturing industry, supply-side reform, externalities, optimization of industrial structure