高管团队异质性与企业绩效研究综述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着专业化分工的加强，高管成员间的差异逐渐增大，既有文献围绕高管团队异质性与企业绩效间的关系进行了探索：第一，直接研究高管团队异质性与企业绩效间的关系；第二，引入两者关系的中介变量，以探寻高管团队异质性对企业绩效产生影响的中间过程；第三，引入影响两者关系的调节变量，以探寻该中间过程是否会受到其他因素的影响而呈现出不同的特点。本文对既有文献进行了梳理与分析，并提出了未来可能需要关注的几个问题，以便于读者了解该领域的发展现状及未来可能的研究方向，对企业高管团队的构建、我国人力资本的培养及经济升级转型也具有一定参考价值。

关键词: 高管团队, 异质性, 企业绩效, 文献综述

Abstract: With the strengthening of specialization, the difference between senior members is increasing, and the existing literature has explored the relationship between top management team heterogeneity and firm performance: first, the direct relationship between TMT heterogeneity and firm performance; second, the mediators of the relationship to explore the process between TMT heterogeneity and firm performance; third, the moderating variable of the relationship to explore whether the process is affected by other factors and shows different characteristics. This paper aims to review and analyze the existing literatures and put forward some problems to be focused in the future, which can help readers to understand the current status in this field and future research directions, and it will also be propitious to the construction of enterprise top management team, the human capital development and economic transition in our country.

Key words: top management team, heterogeneity, firm performance, literature review

张金清，肖嘉琦. 高管团队异质性与企业绩效研究综述[J]. 商业研究.

ZHANG Jin-qing, XIAO Jia-qi. A Review of the Research on the Top Management Team Heterogeneity and Firm Performance[J]. 商业研究.

参考文献

注释： ①有的文献将任务冲突称为认知冲突、实质冲突，将情绪冲突称为情感冲突、关系冲突，本质内涵均不变。参考文献：［1］冯丽霞.企业财务分析与业绩评价［M］．长沙：湖南人民出版社，2002. ［2］牛芳,张玉利,杨俊.创业团队异质性与新企业绩效:领导者乐观心理的调节作用［J］．管理评论，2011（11）. ［3］王雪莉,马琳,王艳丽.高管团队职能背景对企业绩效的影响:以中国信息技术行业上市公司为例［J］．南开管理评论，2013（4）. ［4］姚振华,孙海法.高管团队组成特征与行为整合关系研究［J］．南开管理评论，2010（1）. ［5］张建君,张闫龙.董事长-总经理的异质性、权力差距和融洽关系与组织绩效——来自上市公司的证据［J］．管理世界，2016（1）. ［6］Amason A C. Distinguishing the Effects of Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict on Strategic Decision Making: Resolving a Paradox for Top Management Teams［J］．Academy of Management Journal, 1996,39(1):123-148. ［7］Bass B M. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations［J］．Academy of Management Review, 1985,12(4):756-778. ［8］Bhappu A D, Griffith T L, Northcraft G B. Media Effects and Communication Bias in Diverse Groups［J］．Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 1997,70(3):199-205. ［9］Carpenter M A. The Implications of Strategy and Social Context for the Relationship Between Top Management Team Heterogeneity and Firm Performance［J］．Strategic Management Journal, 2002,23(2): 275-284. ［10］Chatman J A, O’Reilly C A. Asymmetric Reactions to Work Group Sex Diversity among Men and Women［J］．Academy of Management Journal, 2004,47(2):193-208. ［11］Chatman J A, Spataro S E. Using Self-Categorization Theory to Understand Relational Demography-Based Variations in People′s Responsiveness to Organizational Culture［J］．Academy of Management Journal, 2005,48(2):321-331. ［12］Chattopadhyay P. Beyond Direct and Symmetrical Effects: The Influence of Demographic Dissimilarity on Organizational Citizenship Behavior［J］．Academy of Management Journal, 1999,42(3):273-287. ［13］Cox T. Cultural Diversity in Organizations: Theory, Research and Practice［J］．C.doughty & J.williams Focus, 1994,9(2):239-240. ［14］Crocker J, Major B. Social Stigma and Self-Esteem: The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma［J］．Psychological Review, 1989,96(4):608-630. ［15］Eisenhardt K M. Top Management Teams and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms［J］．Small Business Economics, 2013,40(4):805-816. ［16］Finkelstein S, Hambrick D C. Top-management-team Tenure and Organizational Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Managerial Discretion［J］．Administrative Science Quarterly, 1990,35(3):484-503. ［17］Gaertner S L, Dovidio J F. Reducing Intergroup Bias: the Common Ingroup Identity Model［D］．Essays in Social Psychology, 2000. ［18］Guillaume Y R, Dawson J F, Otayeebede L, et al. Harnessing Demographic Differences in Organizations: What Moderates the Effects of Workplace Diversity?［J］．Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2017,38(2):276-303. ［19］Hackman J R. The Design of Work Teams［J］．Handbook of Organizational Behavior, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1987,35(11):299-301. ［20］Hambrick D C, Cho T S, Chen M J. The Influence of Top Management Team Heterogeneity on Firms′ Competitive Moves［J］．Administrative Science Quarterly, 1996,41(4):659-684. ［21］Hambrick D C, Mason P A. Upper Echelons: The Organization as A Reflection of Its Top Managers［J］．Social Science Electronic Publishing, 1984,9(2):193-206. ［22］Harrison D A, Klein K J. What′s the Difference? Diversity Constructs as Separation, Variety, or Disparity in Organizations［J］．Academy of Management Review, 2007,32(4):1199-1228. ［23］Higgs M, Plewnia U, Ploch J. Influence of Team Composition and Task Complexity on Team Performance［J］．Team Performance Management, 2005,11(7):227-250. ［24］Kearney E, Gebert D. Managing Diversity and Enhancing Team Outcomes: the Promise of Transformational Leadership［J］．Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009,94(1):77-89. ［25］Keck S L. Top Management Team Structure: Differential Effects by Environmental Context［J］．Organization Science, 1997,8(2):143-156. ［26］Knight D, Pearce C L, Smith K G, et al. Top Management Team Diversity, Group Process, and Strategic Consensus［J］．Strategic Management Journal, 1999,20(5):445-465. ［27］Knippenberg D V, Schippers M C. Work Group Diversity［J］．Annual Review of Psychology, 2007,58(1):515-541. ［28］Lawrence B S. Perspective-The Black Box of Organizational Demography［J］．Organization Science, 1997,8(1):1-22. ［29］Pfeffer J, O′Reilly C. Hospital Demography and Turnover Among Nurses［J］．Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy & Society, 1987,26(2):158-173. ［30］Van K D, De Dreu C K, Homan A C. Work Group Diversity and Group Performance: An Integrative Model and Research Agenda［J］．Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004,89(6):1008-1022. ［31］Watson W E, Kumar K, Michaelsen L K. Cultural Diversity′s Impact on Interaction Process and Performance: Comparing Homogeneous and Diverse Task Groups［J］．Academy of Management Journal, 1993,36(3):590-602. ［32］ Zaccaro S J, Klimoski R. The Interface of Leadership and Team Processes［J］．Group & Organization Management, 2002,27(1):4-13.

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