商业研究

商业研究

• 商法论丛 • 上一篇    

有限公司股东盈余分配请求权的司法救济研究 ——兼评法释〔2017〕16号第14、15条

范沁宁   

  1. （华中师范大学 法学院，武汉 430079）
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-16 出版日期:2018-04-27
  • 作者简介:范沁宁（1993-），女，福建南平人，华中师范大学法学院商法研究中心研究人员，法律硕士，研究方向：民商法。

Research on the Judicial Relief of Shareholders′ Surplus Distribution Claim of Limited Company：Comment on Legal Interpretation ［2017］14 and 15 of No.16

FAN Qin-ning   

  1. (Law School of Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)
  • Received:2018-01-16 Online:2018-04-27

摘要： 有限公司股东盈余分配请求权的理论依据在于资本多数决原则的缺陷、有效替代性解决措施的缺失以及诚信、公平公正原则的要求，司法介入股东盈余分配请求权应当以控股股东权利滥用为前提，以尊重公司自治和商业判断为原则，旨在维持利益平衡。法释〔2017〕16号规定了低成本、有针对性的盈余分配请求权救济方式，肯定了抽象盈余分配请求权的可诉性，但也存在缺乏可操作性及举证责任不平衡等问题。因此，我国应当引入合理预期原则和信义义务作为判断股东滥用权利的标准，并增加平衡股东之间举证责任的条款，以使上述规定能真正发挥应有功能。

关键词: 盈余分配请求权, 中小股东, 司法介入, 权利滥用

Abstract: The theoretical basis of shareholders′ surplus distribution claim of the limited company lies in the defects of the majority rule of capital, the lack of effective alternative solutions and the requirements of the principle of integrity and fairness. The right of judicial intervention in shareholders′ surplus distribution claim should be based on the abuse of controlling shareholders′ rights and the principle of respecting corporate autonomy and commercial judgment, aiming at maintaining the balance of interests. The legal interpretation ［2017］No. 16 stipulates the low cost and targeted compensation for surplus distribution claim, which confirms the claimability of abstract surplus distribution claim, but there is also the lack of operability and the imbalance of burden of proof. Therefore, China should introduce reasonable expectations principle and faith obligations as a standard of judging shareholders abuse of rights, and increase the terms of the balance between shareholders the burden of proof, in order to make the rules really play their functions.

Key words: surplus distribution claim, minority shareholders, judicial intervention, rights abuse