商业研究

商业研究

• 世界经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球价值链下中国在国际贸易中是否仍然为环境污染赤字国？ ——基于非竞争性投入产出表的计算分析

党玉婷1，盛丹2   

  1. （1.天津理工大学 国际工商学院，天津 300384; 2.南开大学 国际经济研究所，天津 300071）
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-16 出版日期:2018-06-26
  • 作者简介:党玉婷（1984-），女，甘肃庆阳人，天津理工大学国际工商学院讲师，经济学博士，研究方向：贸易与环境；盛丹（1982-），女，山东栖霞人，南开大学经济学院副教授，经济学博士，研究方向：环境管制与企业出口。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目，项目编号：71703112；教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目，项目编号：17YJC790019；国家自然科学基金面上项目，项目编号：71673150。

Is China Still a Pollution Deficit Country in International Trade under the Global Value Chain? An Analysis based on Non-Competitive Input-Output Table

DANG Yu-ting1，SHENG Dan2   

  1. (1.International College of Business and Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384,China; 2.School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071，China)
  • Received:2018-01-16 Online:2018-06-26

摘要： 在中国官方公布的42个部门竞争性投入产出表（2002年、2005年、2007年、2010年、2012年）基础上，通过建立区分加工贸易与一般贸易、进口中间投入与国产中间投入的非竞争性投入产出表，测算全球价值链视角下中国出口品中的国产和进口内涵污染、贸易的内涵污染平衡及贸易污染条件，以探讨全球价值链视角下中国在国际贸易中是否仍然为污染赤字国问题。在全球价值链视角下，剔除出口品中进口中间投入影响后，中国在国际贸易中转为污染盈余国，污染更多地由他国承担，剔除进口中间投入的出口品污染性低于进口品，但废水、废气的污染盈余有下降趋势，出口品的SO2污染性有上升趋势；中国出口品生产的国内废水和COD污染降低，废气、SO2、固体废物污染上升，其中，一般贸易影响最大，国有企业是污染产生最多的企业类型，出口生产对国内环境的污染主要是由上海、江苏、浙江、广东等沿海省份产生；中国通过进口大量节约了本国的废气、SO2和固体废物污染，规模效应增加了环境污染，而结构效应和技术效应有利于降低环境污染，但结构效应的影响相对较小。中国在出口贸易中需从技术角度入手，通过提高环境标准降低重污染行业污染系数，通过调整贸易结构降低污染系数较高行业的出口份额、相应提高进口份额，尤其是提高其进口中间投入比例、降低国产中间投入比例，以降低高污染工序的参与，提升中国在全球价值链分工中的位置。

关键词: 全球价值链, 非竞争性投入产出模型, 出口的国产内涵污染, 贸易内涵污染平衡, 贸易污染条件

Abstract: Based on the competitive input-output table including 42 departments published by China′s official(2002,2005,2007,2010,2012), the paper establishes the non-competitive input-output table which clarifies the differences between processing trade and general trade, imported and domestic intermediate input, and estimates the embodied domestic and import pollution in export, the balance of embodied emission in trade, pollution term of trade under the global value chain perspective, in order to investigate whether China is still the pollution deficit country in trade under the global value chain perspective. After excluding the pollution caused by imported intermediate input in export, China becomes pollution surplus country in international trade, more pollution is born by other countries, and the export becomes less polluting than import, but the attention should be paid to the decreasing pollution surplus in waste water and gas, and the export is becoming more and more polluting than import in SO2; the waste water and COD pollution caused by the production of export product are decreasing, the waste gas and solid waste pollution are increasing, which are mainly influenced by normal export, the state-owned enterprises play a major role in it, and the domestic pollution of trade is mainly caused by the export from Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other coastal provinces; China saves lots of waste gas, SO2 and solid waste through import, scale effect increases the pollution, and the structure effect and technology effect are beneficial to reducing environmental pollution, but the influence of the structure effect is relatively small. China needs to start with technology aspect to reduce the pollution coefficient of heavy polluting industries by raising environmental standards, and adjust the trade structure, decrease the export share and increase the import share in high pollution coefficient industries, especially increase the proportion of import intermediate inputs and decrease the proportion of domestic intermediate input in these industries to reduce the participation in high pollution process and enhance China′s position in the global value chain division.

Key words: global value chain, non-competitive input-output model, the embodied domestic pollution in export, balance of embodied emission in trade, pollution term of trade