Abstract: Taking the analysis of social principal contradictions in the new era of our country as breakthrough point, the paper exemplifies the trend of urban residents′ upgrading of food consumption demand in China and the current situation of inadequate and incompatible development of the food industry development, and proposes systematic learning thinking: implementing new concept of development and building a modern economic system to protect and improve people′s livelihood with the guidance of social principal contradictions in the new era, and uses it to promote the agricultural supply- side reform to meet residents′ needs of food consumption structure upgrading.

Key words: The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, new development concept, agricultural supply- side , structural reform