Abstract: With the acceleration of population aging, China′s demographic dividend shows a declining trend, but the traditional demographic dividend judgment standard does not fully and accurately reflect the situation of a country′s population structure. Through the comparative study with some Southeast Asian countries and India, it is found that China may lose some advantages of demographic dividend when the population opportunity turns into more labor and capital investment, however, in the transformation of population opportunity into higher total factor productivity, it does not lose the advantage of demographic dividend, or even has the advantage of demographic dividend.

Key words: Southeast Asia, India, demographic dividend