Abstract: The industrial structure change is the basic feature of regional economic development, and it is also an important aspect of the internal determining power of regional economic development. Based on this, this paper analyzes the influence of the rationalization and evolution of industrial structure and high-level process on long-term economic growth and short-term economic fluctuation in Northeast China. Research shows that the rationalization and high degree of industrial structure in Northeast China can promote economic growth, and high-grade structure has greater impact on economic growth, but it may lead to greater volatility in the economy. Therefore，in formulating industrial policy, we should balance between internal and external relations and industrial relevance, balance between economic growth and volatility risk, and construct a reasonable development model.

Key words: industrial structure, economic growth, economic fluctuation, northeast region