Abstract: Constructing a modern industrial system is not only a clear requirement put forward by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, but also an important embodiment of Xi Jinping′s economic thought. As the leading force in China′s economic growth, economic development of Guangdong Province has been in the forefront of the country. The industrial structure of Guangdong Province has gone through the change from the dominance of the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, from the light industry to the heavy industry, from the traditional pillar industry to the new pillar industry, and then to the modern industry, and from the traditional service industry to the modern service industry. The tremendous changes in industrial structure of Guangdong Province show that China′s economic development has entered a new era. It is of great practical basic and theoretical significance to explain Xi Jinping′s economic thought of constructing a modern industrial system by the evolution of industrial structure of Guangdong Province. The historical orientation of the new era requires us to attach more importance to the development of the real economy, further promote the structural reform of supply-side, vigorously develop modern services, especially producer services, and promote industrial development through innovation of science and technology and institutional mechanisms.

Key words: Xi Jinping′s economic thought, modern industrial system, the evolution of industrial structure, Guangdong Province