Abstract: In the framework of the traditional history of economic thought, the mercantilism was regarded as a theory of emphasizing the commodity economy. Since Trump became president of the United States,he came up to the mercantilism in the choosing of the policy: protecting the trade and the employment to achieve the reindustrialization, and get the revival of the new-mercantilism all around the world.Through the retrospection and analysis of mercantilism economic thought, this paper finds that, as a national country′s economic development theory, mercantilism emphasizes administrative intervention and government monopoly in policy, and controls commodity trade in commercial history, but its policy effect is prior to the development of manufacturing industry;it not only did not bring the commercial economy into the core power of the national economic development, but also restrained the development of commercial trade for a long time, which was not worthy of the name of mercantilism. Mercantilism, as an important economic theory in the early stage of capitalist economic growth, is more manifested in the pursuit of national economic growth and fiscal revenue growth, and its value is not simply closed protectionism.In today′s system of economic globalization and division of labor, the so-called new mercantilism is more manifested as trade unilateralism and hegemonism in the name of trade protection, which is quite different from the policy objectives of supporting the growth of national infant industries and building national industrial system in the era of mercantilism.

Key words: mercantilism；trade protectionism；administrative monopoly, National developmentalism