商业研究

商业研究

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城市集聚经济与劳动力流动 ——理论框架与实证研究

周光霞1,2，林乐芬3   

  1. （1.南京农业大学 经济管理学院，南京 210095；2.安徽科技学院 财经学院， 安徽 凤阳 233100；3.南京农业大学 金融学院，南京 210095）
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-20 出版日期:2018-03-23
  • 作者简介:周光霞（1978-），女，山东平原人，安徽科技学院财经学院副教授，南京农业大学经济管理学院博士研究生，研究方向：城市经济学；林乐芬（1959-），女，山东烟台人，南京农业大学金融学院教授，博士生导师，研究方向：发展经济学。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省哲学社会科学规划办项目“城市化在二元劳动力市场上的收入分配效应研究”，项目编号：AHSKQ2014D49；安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目，项目编号：gxyqZD2016209

Urban Agglomeration Economies and Rural Labor Mobility：Theoretical Framework and Empirial Study

ZHOU Guang-xia1,2，LIN Le-fen3   

  1. (1.College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2. College of Finance and Economics, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; 3. College of Finance, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
  • Received:2017-11-20 Online:2018-03-23

摘要： 集聚经济在户籍制度改革背景下通过金融外部性和技术外部性两个互补性机制带动了大规模的农村劳动力向城市流动，推动了中国城市化进程。金融外部性通过产业的前向关联和后向关联，利用价格机制引导农村劳动力流动；技术外部性则利用劳动力共享、交流、学习获得的知识溢出效应影响着劳动力的空间分布。基于城市层级数据的经验检验表明：金融外部性和农村劳动力流动规模之间存在“U”型关系，技术外部性和劳动力流动规模之间存在显著的“∽型”非线性关系，在“集聚-户籍”两种力量博弈中，城市集聚经济主导了中国城市化进程。因此，进一步进行户籍制度改革、发挥集聚经济机制作用依然是中国城市化目标实现的基础。

关键词: 农村劳动力流动, 集聚经济, 金融外部性, 技术外部性, 户籍制度

Abstract: Under the background of household registration system reformation, agglomeration economy has led to the flow of large scale rural labor to the city by pecuniary externalities and technological externalities, which are complementary in explaining agglomeration effects, promoting the process of urbanization in China. Through forward and backward linkages in the industry, pecuniary externalities affect rural labor mobility by means of the function of price; technological externalities influence the spatial distribution through the knowledge spillover gotten by labor sharing, communication and learning. The theoretical analysis and measurement test show there is U-shaped relationship between pecuniary externalities measured by market potential and the rural labor mobility scale, there exists “∽” shaped relationship between technological externalities measured by city population and rural labor mobility scale, and in the two kinds of power game of “agglomeration - Household Registration”, urban agglomeration dominates China′s urbanization. Thus it is still the foundation of realizing the goal of urbanization in China to explore the reform of the household registration system and make good use of agglomeration economies in the future.

Key words: rural labor mobility, urban agglomeration economies, pecuniary externalities, technological externalities, household registration system